PAEA OB-GYN End of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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• A 22-year-old female has a firm, non-tender breast mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• The umbilical vein carries which type of blood?
• What is the most significant factor contributing to menopausal symptoms?
• What is the primary treatment for a symptomatic benign uterine fibroid?
• In a pregnant woman with painless spotting at 12 weeks gestation and a closed cervical os, what is the likely diagnosis?
• Which of the following is a first-line treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a sexually active female with abdominal pain, spotting, and signs of potential ectopic pregnancy?
• In which condition would you expect to find low estradiol alongside high FSH and LH levels?
• For a follow-up of cervical dysplasia, which diagnostic procedure is most appropriate?
• A 25 year-old female presents with vulvar pruritus and a thick, white vaginal discharge. Which test is most helpful in making the correct diagnosis?
• During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the LH surge occur, along with elevated estrogen levels?
• What method is used for early detection of breast cancer?
• What is the primary purpose of administering intravenous magnesium sulfate in patients with preeclampsia?
• What does the acronym GTPAL stand for in obstetrical history?
• What surgical procedure is typically performed to confirm endometriosis?
• What is the primary concern in a 30-year-old female presenting with acute abdomen and positive pregnancy test?
• Which factor is associated with an increased incidence of breast cancer?
• What is the role of CA-125 testing in breast cancer diagnostics?
• If a patient's pelvic examination reveals no pathological findings, which condition might they have if they experience cyclic pain?
• Following a sudden gush of fluid from the vagina at 36 weeks gestation, what is the appropriate clinical intervention indicated?
• Which prescription medication is most effective for relieving premenstrual syndrome symptoms?
• In cases of severe pre-eclampsia, what findings indicate a need for delivery of the fetus?
• What is the minimum recommended frequency for prenatal visits in a low-risk pregnancy?
• What is the primary reason for performing a hysterectomy?
• A patient with clear vesicular lesions and tender bilateral adenopathy likely has which condition?
• Which birth control method is most appropriate for a 25-year-old female with a history of deep vein thrombosis?
• What is the most appropriate next step when a colposcopic examination shows a positive endocervical canal curettage in a patient with a high-grade lesion?
• A patient presents with a vaginal discharge that has a fishy odor and a wet mount examination reveals white blood cells and stippled epithelial cells. What is the treatment of choice?
• What is the term for abnormal placenta development that covers the cervix?
• What tissue and hormonal phase occurs during the last 14 days of a normal 28-day menstrual cycle?
• What term describes a menstrual period that is regular but prolonged with heavy flow?
• Chronic villus sampling can be performed at what gestational age?
• At approximately how many weeks into pregnancy is the fundus at the level of the umbilicus?
• Which hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation to occur?
• When dealing with abnormal uterine bleeding, which type of testing may be recommended for diagnosing conditions such as polyps or fibroids?
• What is quickening and when does it typically occur?
• A 36-week pregnant patient presents with hypertension and a urinalysis shows 3+ protein. What is the best treatment option for her condition?
• What is the preferred treatment for severe hyperemesis gravidarum?
• What common condition may present with dysmenorrhea and is also part of pelvic pain assessment?
• What is the definition of Stage I labor?
• What is the most common manifestation of polycystic ovarian syndrome?
• What is a common treatment for acute cystitis in women?
• What is the most common cause of female infertility?
• What is the typical clinical presentation of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
• For a 28-year-old woman with multiple uterine fibroids wanting to maintain reproductive capability, what is the most appropriate treatment?
• What is the treatment of choice for a woman with symptomatic uterine fibroids?
• Human papillomavirus is strongly associated with the development of which condition?
• What is a major risk factor for developing an ectopic pregnancy?
• What is the clinical significance of the Bishop score?
• What is a common symptom that accompanies bacterial vaginosis?
• What is the most common pelvic mass found in reproductive-age women?
• What is the recommended initial screening test for fetal aneuploidy in the first trimester?
• For a 25-year-old female with a 2 cm breast mass, what is the modality of choice to further evaluate her condition?
• What indicates a high-risk pregnancy?
• What is the first-line treatment for hot flashes related to menopause?
• What is the main goal of prenatal care?
• What is a common treatment for Chlamydia infection in pregnant women?
• A 29-year-old female with a one-month history of amenorrhea has a positive pregnancy test. What does G1P1 indicate about her obstetric history?
• What is the main effect of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer treatment?
• What is the definition of menopause?
• What are the common symptoms of lichen sclerosus?
• Which STI is most commonly associated with a frothy, greenish vaginal discharge?
• What is the significance of a "clue cell" found in wet mount examination?
• Which factor is a common risk for developing cervical cancer?
• What is the recommended treatment for dependent edema in a pregnant patient?
• What type of incontinence is characterized by involuntary urine leakage with activity?
• Which maternal factor does not typically warrant more frequent Pap smear testing after normal outcomes?
• What is a common treatment for a woman diagnosed with vulvar cancer?
• What is the primary purpose of prenatal ultrasounds?
• A 13-year-old female has lower mid-abdominal pain that starts within a few hours of menses onset. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• According to Nägele's rule, a woman whose last menstrual period was June 6th would have an estimated due date of which date?
• A patient with chronic anovulation and normal hormone levels tests positive on a progestin challenge test. What is the drug of choice for her infertility treatment?
• A 25-year-old female reports constant premenstrual pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What are the classic signs indicative of an ectopic pregnancy?
• A 16-year-old G0P0 patient presents with lower pelvic pain related to her cycle, occurring midcycle with unremarkable pelvic examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What physical exam finding is suggestive of ovulation?
• Which medication would best block feedback inhibition of estradiol, promoting an increase in FSH for a patient with anovulation?
• At what gestational age is the first trimester screening typically performed?
• What is a potential complication of untreated bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy?
• Which of the following is a typical presentation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
• A 30-year-old female presents with persistent vaginal discharge and vulvar pruritus, and the discharge is foul smelling. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic study for a young woman with symptoms indicative of polycystic ovarian syndrome?
• What is the most common underlying cause of early postpartum hemorrhage?
• Which symptom of menopause is primarily due to decreased levels of estrogen?
• Which treatment should be avoided due to contraindications during pregnancy?
• What is an indication for using Rho-GAM in a pregnant patient?
• In what situation is hysteroscopy typically indicated?
• What is a contraindication for prescribing oral hormonal contraceptives?
• What is the primary treatment for Pediculosis pubis?
• Which condition is most commonly associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor?
• During ovulation, there is a peak in the serum concentration of which hormone?
• At what age is screening for breast cancer recommended to start for average-risk women?
• Which medication used in endometriosis treatment has a side effect profile including loss of bone mineral density?
• An 18-year-old female presents with dysuria, vulvovaginal pruritus, and a frothy clear to white discharge. Which of the following results would be expected?
• Which laboratory finding is most associated with an increased risk of leiomyoma?
• What condition is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus?
• What initial management should be provided for a woman with pelvic inflammatory disease and a tubo-ovarian abscess?
• What is the recommended treatment for a 16-year-old female with bilateral lower abdominal pain and a positive cervical culture for Chlamydia?
• What is the recommended screening method for gestational diabetes in pregnant women?
• In a case of syphilis, what is the characteristic presentation of the primary lesion?
• What does not typically occur in a patient taking oral contraceptive pills regarding menstrual cycles?
• What is the initial treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism in a 10-week pregnant patient?
• What is the primary recommendation to prevent sexually transmitted infections?
• What is the most common clinical manifestation of candidal vulvovaginitis?
• What is the recommended treatment for a patient diagnosed with trichomonas vulvovaginitis?
• What is a characteristic finding in transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy?
• What is the most definitive diagnostic method for endometriosis in a patient presenting with associated symptoms?
• A 30-year-old female presents with sharp pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and an adnexal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What are the potential complications of untreated chlamydia infection in women?
• What is the significance of finding elevated CA-125 in a patient suspected of having ovarian cancer?
• What is a common finding in patients with uterine fibroids during a pelvic examination?
• In which of the following maternal-fetal blood type pairings should the mother receive Rho-GAM?
• Which physical examination finding is typically present at 12 weeks of a singleton pregnancy?
• What does the umbilical vein primarily transport from the placenta to the fetus?
• During which period of pregnancy does maternal blood pressure typically decrease the most?
• What is a common symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
• A 35-year-old female presents at 11 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding, abdominal cramping, and a closed cervix. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• In a pregnant 28-year-old female with hemoglobin of 10.1 g/dL, microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells suggest which type of anemia?
• A 30-week pregnant patient has sudden onset of painless vaginal bleeding. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Dysmenorrhea is most likely to occur in which type of patient?
• What are the common symptoms of menopause?
• Which of the following is a common treatment option beyond hormonal therapy for endometriosis?
• Which of the following findings is considered normal during a physical examination of a pregnant patient?
• Which intervention is advisable if amnionitis had been ruled out for a patient less than 33 weeks pregnant with premature rupture of membranes?
• At what gestational age does the fundal height reach the level of the umbilicus?
• Which of the following are common symptoms of ovarian cancer?
• What is the typical outcome of untreated bacterial vaginosis?
• What is the definition of oligomenorrhea?
• What should be the next management step for a patient with red lesions and white plaques on the vulva?
• What is the term for excessive bleeding during menstruation?
• What is the name of the sign characterized by the softening of the cervix during pregnancy?
• What is an amniocentesis?
• A decrease in fetal heart rate occurring late during contractions suggests the possibility of which condition?
• At what gestational week is the fetal heartbeat typically first detected?
• Which lab values would be expected in menopause?
• In a pregnant patient, what is often the first sign of placental insufficiency?
• Which of the following is NOT a sign of menopause?
• At what gestational age can a mother typically first feel fetal movement?
• How many weeks gestation would be expected at the point when the fundus is at the umbilicus?
• What is the treatment for magnesium sulfate toxicity?
• What is the first-line treatment recommended for moderate to severe endometriosis?
• Which breast condition is primarily influenced by estrogen?
• Which diagnosis is indicated by multinucleated giant cells found in a Tzanck preparation of labial lesions?
• A 52-year-old obese patient is diagnosed with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. What is the next step in her management?
• What does the presence of nitrites in a urine sample suggest?
• Which diagnostic evaluation is most reliable for postmenopausal bleeding?
• What is the recommended interval for a Pap smear in a 36-year-old woman with a history of 3 consecutive negative Pap smears?
• What is the significance of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the menstrual cycle?
• What is the earliest and most reliable clinical manifestation of pre-eclampsia?
• Which of the following is a key point in educating a 23-year-old using oral contraceptives?
• In a patient with severe premenstrual syndrome, which therapeutic approach is likely to provide symptom relief?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a pregnant patient experiencing vaginal bleeding, mild cramping, and a dilated cervical os at 11 weeks of gestation?
• What would be the expected finding in a vaginal examination of a female experiencing an inevitable abortion?
• What type of ultrasound is commonly used for early pregnancy?
• What condition is characterized by signs such as hypertension associated with proteinuria?
• Which method is recognized as the most effective form of contraception?
• What is the best diagnostic step after an initial ultrasound for a woman with a right breast mass that has remained unchanged through three menstrual cycles?
• At what point in gestation is the uterus typically found at the level of the umbilicus?
• When is the ideal time for a woman to receive the rubella vaccine if no protective titer exists during pregnancy?
• What is the gold standard for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome?
• A 28-year-old female presents with toxic appearance and cervical motion tenderness. What is the next best step in her evaluation?
• What is the common symptom for women presenting with retained placental tissue postpartum?
• Which of the following is a common symptom of endometriosis?
• What is the pharmacologic treatment of choice for gestational diabetes?
• What is the next step in the care of a patient with severe preeclampsia at 35 weeks of pregnancy?
• Following findings of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) on a Pap smear, what is the most appropriate next step?
• Which condition in pregnant patients is characterized by cervical dilation and bleeding without complete passage of tissue?
• A hard, immobile, irregularly shaped solitary mass in the breast with positive lymphadenopathy is indicative of which condition?
• Which of the following clinical findings is associated with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy?
• A couple is unable to conceive after 12 months, and the male evaluation is normal. How can ovulation be confirmed in the female?
• What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
• What is a possible consequence of untreated uterine leiomyomata?
• What is the primary treatment for an infected Bartholin's duct cyst?
• What is the most common gynecological cancer?
• What is the most common presenting symptom of breast cancer?
• What should be the initial intervention for variable decelerations noted in fetal monitoring during labor?
• Which medication is commonly used for treating preeclampsia?
• Which condition is commonly screened for using serum alpha-fetoprotein testing?
• At what point in a normal pregnancy do examinations transition from every 4 weeks to every 3 weeks?
• What is the screening criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes?
• What treatment is indicated for a patient with severe secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia associated with adenomyosis?
• What is the most common bacterium responsible for mastitis associated with breastfeeding?
• What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated cystitis?
• In which situation would hCG levels be lower than expected for the gestational age?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with thin, gray, frothy vaginal discharge, erythematous cervix, and a vaginal pH of 6?
• What is the purpose of the Pap smear?
• During which stage of pregnancy is the risk of miscarriage highest?
• What can HRT help alleviate during menopause?
• What lifestyle change can significantly improve symptoms of menopause?
• In a 16-year-old pregnant female with high blood pressure and proteinuria, what is the most likely diagnosis?
• What factors are associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy?
• Which laboratory test is essential for diagnosing syphilis?
• For a 46-year-old woman with heavy menstrual flows and an irregular uterus, what is the most appropriate management?
• Gestational diabetes screening is typically performed during which weeks of pregnancy?
• How frequently should folic acid be taken during pregnancy?
• A 22-year-old female presents with vaginal bleeding and a dilated cervix at 12 weeks of gestation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the recommended course of action for a 56-year-old female seeking ovarian cancer screening with no family history of related cancers?
• A 40-year-old female has a 1.5 cm well-circumscribed mass noted on mammography. What is the most appropriate next procedure?
• A 48-year-old woman presents with severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. Which condition is the most likely diagnosis based on physical examination findings?
• In the context of obstetrics, what does "G2P1001" signify about a patient's pregnancy history?
• Which prenatal vitamin is crucial for preventing neural tube defects?
• A 26-year-old female has cyclic pelvic pain with significant dysmenorrhea. She has a palpable adnexal mass and a negative serum pregnancy test. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What condition is indicated by a smooth, shiny vulva and pale vaginal mucosa with a yellowish discharge in a 54-year-old woman?
• What symptom would typically not indicate a normal pregnancy?
• At 26 weeks gestation, which diagnostic test is most appropriate for a patient with unremarkable initial examinations?
• What are the signs of potential placental abruption?
• On examination of a 72-year-old post-menopausal female, a 3 cm right adnexal mass is found. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the most effective management for a woman diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis?
• When a Pap smear reveals atypical glandular cells (AGUS), what is the most appropriate intervention?
• Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating menstruation?
• What has shown the greatest reduction in cervical cancer rates?
• A patient experiencing preterm labor may receive corticosteroids for which of the following reasons?
• What medication is recommended to treat atrophic vaginitis in postmenopausal patients?
• For a postpartum patient who had gestational diabetes, what is an appropriate education statement?
• What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive age group?
• What is the recommended approach to reduce perinatal transmission of HIV in patients with a viral load greater than 1000 copies/mL?
• Which hormone is primarily tested to confirm menopause?
• A bluish cervix observed during early pregnancy is referred to as which sign?
• If a 25 year-old presents with pelvic pain and uterine bleeding, which test is the next best in evaluation if her Beta-HCG levels are increasing?
• Which symptom is associated with trichomoniasis infection in females?
• At what age should women start cervical cancer screening?
• Which test is most specific for diagnosing syphilis?
• In cases of uteroplacental insufficiency during labor, what type of fetal heart rate deceleration is typically observed?
• What is the primary feature of primary dysmenorrhea?
• What type of menstrual irregularity is common in young teenagers who have just started menstruating?
• What is a common reason for performing a conization of the cervix?
• What is the primary mechanism of hormonal contraceptives?
• What is the primary mechanism by which clomiphene citrate assists women in inducing ovulation?
• A 35-year-old female presents with a solitary breast mass, and fine needle aspiration reveals bloody fluid but no malignant cells. What is the next best step?
• A patient presents with a painless vulvar ulcer following her boyfriend's treatment for a sexually transmitted infection. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What should be the initial evaluation to determine the etiology of infertility in a 25-year-old female trying to conceive for 1 year?
• What are the risk factors associated with developing gestational hypertension?
• What type of tear is documented when a vaginal laceration includes the perineal body?
• What is the primary use of Clomiphene citrate in treating infertility?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 49-year-old female with an enlarged uterus and left adnexal mass?
• What defines menorrhagia in menstrual cycles?
• What is the influence of progesterone on breast tissue prior to menstruation?
• What is the most common reason for a woman's unexplained infertility?
• What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea?
• A patient with deep dyspareunia and pain during menstruation is suspected to have what condition?
• According to the United States Preventive Services Task Force, at what age should screening mammography begin for females without risk factors?
• What is the likely diagnosis for a 47-year-old female with prolonged heavy menses and an enlarged uterus with firm masses?
• What is the estimated delivery date (EDC) for a 29-year-old female with a last menstrual period (LMP) on April 4, using Nägele's rule?
• What is the most likely etiology of infertility in a 24-year-old female with dark hair growth along her chin and jawline, and a history of irregular menstrual cycles?
• What should be the next step in management for a patient with signs of an ectopic pregnancy and unstable vital signs?
• What finding is indicative of placenta previa during ultrasound?
• What is a common side effect of combined oral contraceptives?
• What is the primary purpose of a Pap smear?
• What hormone surges to initiate the process of ovulation?
• In which situation is a cone biopsy most strongly indicated?
• What is the primary symptom of uterine prolapse?
• What does a positive progestin challenge test suggest in women experiencing infertility?
• A 23-year-old female in active labor shows mild repetitive late decelerations on fetal monitoring. What is the most likely cause of this finding?
• Magnesium sulfate is indicated for which of the following conditions during pregnancy?