What is the treatment for magnesium sulfate toxicity?

Magnesium sulfate is commonly used in obstetrics, particularly for the prevention and treatment of seizures in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. However, excessive levels of magnesium can lead to toxicity, which is manifested by symptoms such as respiratory depression, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and cardiac issues.

Calcium gluconate is the appropriate treatment for magnesium sulfate toxicity because it acts as an antidote. Calcium competes with magnesium at the neuromuscular junction and can help stabilize excitable membranes, effectively reversing the effects of excess magnesium. Administering calcium gluconate can improve neuromuscular transmission and restore the normal function of the cardiovascular system, which can be compromised during magnesium toxicity.

Other treatment options like nifedipine and terbutaline relate to managing hypertensive disorders and can be used in specific cases for other conditions but do not directly counteract magnesium toxicity. Potassium carbonate is not indicated for this situation and does not play a role in managing the symptoms associated with magnesium toxicity. Thus, calcium gluconate is the most critical intervention when dealing with magnesium sulfate toxicity.