What is the primary mechanism by which clomiphene citrate assists women in inducing ovulation?

Clomiphene citrate primarily works by blocking estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. This action creates a low estrogen environment that leads to increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. As a result, there is enhanced stimulation of the anterior pituitary, which increases the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Elevated levels of FSH and LH encourage ovarian follicle development and stimulate ovulation.

This mechanism is key in treating conditions like anovulation, which can be caused by conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). By blocking estrogen feedback, clomiphene citrate effectively helps restore normal hormonal signaling for ovulation.