What hormone surges to initiate the process of ovulation?

The hormone that surges to initiate the process of ovulation is luteinizing hormone (LH). This surge is a critical event in the menstrual cycle and is often referred to as the "LH surge."

Just prior to ovulation, rising levels of estrogen produced by developing ovarian follicles trigger the anterior pituitary gland to release a significant amount of LH. This dramatic increase in LH levels leads to the final maturation of the ovarian follicle and causes the release of the mature egg from the ovary.

Understanding the role of LH is essential, as it not only signals the release of the ovum but also helps in the formation of the corpus luteum, which subsequently produces progesterone necessary for maintaining early pregnancy if fertilization occurs. The timing of this hormonal surge is crucial for the ovulatory process and fertility.